Bibliography: A listing of details of works cited in a document in a format that enables their identification – mainly authors, title, publisher and place and date of publication. There are various conventional styles according to which bibliographies can be arranged.

 

Copywriting: Copywriting is in the first instance the creative process of conceptualising advertisements and marketing devices such as events and other platforms promoting brands or services.

 

What is copy?

In advertising, copy refers to the text, or words, used in an advertisement. The body copy is the actual paragraphs of supporting text adding additional facts and benefits to the headline and greater concept, in the instance of a print ad. Where a television ad is concerned, the body copy would manifest in dialogue, the announcer's script, etc.

Document formatting: Using a personal computer to create a consistently formatted document from an electronic manuscript according to a style template.

 

Editing/Copy editing: Preparing the document for distribution or publication through the following: clarifying meaning, eliminating jargon, polishing language by editing for grammar, usage, spelling, punctuation and other mechanics of style; checking for consistency of mechanics and for internal consistency of facts; inserting head levels and approximate placement of art; editing tables, figures, and lists; ensuring that references in the text are correctly cited in the bibliography; notifying the designer of any unusual production requirements.

 

Localisation

Translation is one of the steps of localisation. Localisation is the act of preparing your product or text for a local market or many markets (which is called "Internationalisation" or "Globalisation").

It is most often applied to:              

            * Websites       

            * Software                   

           * Brands and packaging.   

  

It might involve adjusting the obvious things like phone numbers, currencies, measurements etc. or involve more complex issues of meeting local legal and financial requirements or adjusting images so that they don't cause offence to local markets.

Proofreading: Checking proofs or final formatted, edited material for adherence to design and for minor, mechanical errors in copy (such as spelling mistakes or small deviations from style sheet), using standard proof-correction marks; may include comparing the document with earlier versions to ensure corrections have been made, checking the accuracy of running heads, flagging locations of art and page references, verifying computer codes, and inserting page numbers in table of contents and cross-references.

 

Reference checking: Checking that in an academic document in-text references are included in the bibliography or list of references and that each entry in the bibliography or list of references in arranged according to the relevant academic convention.

Structural or substantive editing: Editing a manuscript for ‘global’ issues – clarifying or reorganising a manuscript for content, structure, style, length and level; may involve copy editing, rewriting and negotiating changes with authors.

Subtitling: Subtitling is an exciting area of translation, and is part of a broader field of audio-visual translation which includes dubbing, voiceover and audio description. Subtitling is divided into two types: subtitling within the same language, for the deaf and hard of hearing (also called captioning), and subtitling across languages, for foreign-language film and television.

 

Translation: Converting a written text in one language (the source language) into an equivalent text in another language (the target language).